3Rs: Examples of Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement

The 3Rs Wildlife Research Study Library is a curated collection of peer-reviewed studies demonstrating the application of non-invasive and non-lethal research methods in wildlife ecology, organized by eight study types and a range of taxonomic groups. Study types covered include dietary analysis (stable isotopes, DNA metabarcoding of diet from non-invasive samples), ecotoxicology, genetics (non-invasive DNA collection from faeces, mucus, environmental sources, and shed material), health monitoring, individual identification, morphology, physiology, and species detection. Each study entry provides a summary and links to the underlying peer-reviewed publication.